Dyslexia
This article is not going to reinforce the traditional view on
dyslexia. My goal is to give you some “food for thought”.
I’m going to be bold and talk about how I believe dyslexia comes
about. Though my “belief” has been built on experience, it
is only my view point!
What is dyslexia?
It is currently admitted that 5 to 10 % of the children at school
are diagnosed with dyslexia. Here are a few precisions about
this word to understand what it covers. Contrary to common belief, dyslexia
is not just reversing letters when talking or reading. Dyslexia is not
a speech impediment even though it can co-exist with or follow speech
impediments. The speech difficulties usually impair the verbal fluidity,
vocabulary, abstract thought or syntax complexity.
Dys-lexia means: “difficulties in reading” and by
extension is used to describe difficulties with spelling. We
usually talk of dyslexia when a child has durable reading and/or spelling
problems as well as a normal intelligence.
Here’s an interesting fact: nowadays children with
reading and spelling challenges typically present with an overlap of different
conditions such as dyspraxia, dysgraphia, ADD, ADHD, eczema, asthma, allergies
and digestive problems. For some reason, very few scientists have tried
to figure out why that is. One of the few exceptions is Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride.
The problem with today’s science is that we focus on one
speciality and dig deep into it, thus totally loosing a holistic view
of the problem we are trying to understand. For example, neurologists
can now describe to you with great detail how the brains of “dyslexic” people
process information differently and some might suggest programs based
on the “dysfunction” to retrain the brain. They may be doing
a good job of describing specific patterns that are common to many learning
impaired children, but they do not much in terms of explaining them.
What if the very detailed observations of the neurologists were in fact the
effect of another cause, and not the cause itself? Now I’m not saying
that what brain imagery shows doesn’t exist. I’m wondering if the
true causes, because I believe there are often more than one, are not to be
searched for elsewhere.
The causes: lets have a look at what we usually find in literature
Without pretending to be exhaustive, here’s what you’re
likely to come across. Depending on the authors, countries and
time, it has been said that the cause of dyslexia lays in:
- Minimal brain damage
- Genetic factors
- Neuropsychological deficits
- Instrumental deficits
- Emotional issues
- Socio cultural handicaps
- Inadequate pedagogy
- Biochemical causes
- A combination of some of the precedent causes
I would like to talk about three causes which often co-exist when
a child is diagnosed with dyslexia.
- The biochemical cause: which is dismissed in
the French speaking world. This understanding of learning challenges – not
only dyslexia - looks at how an unbalanced physiology influences
the brain’s capacity at analysing and processing complex
information, such as the ones necessary for reading and spelling.
Dr. Alex Richardson’s research, from the Oxford physiology laboratory
(UK), demonstrates the vital importance of certain nutrients in the physiology
of dyslexia, such as omega-3 oils. She addresses in her well documented book “They
are what you feed them” the overall importance of food in helping children
being able to learn.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, neurologist and nutritionist, explains very
clearly the complex relations between a healthy gut, our behaviours and learning
abilities. She documents how toxins produced in the gut and from the food
find their way up in the brain.
In her very informative book “Gut and psychology syndrome” she
demonstrates very clearly how children rarely present with just one condition
such as dyslexia, ADHD, ADD, eczema, asthma, autism, various learning and
behavioural problems. There are many overlapping conditions. For example
there is an approximate 30 – 50 overlap between ADHD and dyslexia.
For some children, just changing their diet and reestablishing a healthy
gut flora is enough to get them happy and learning again!
- Emotional issues: I would like to emphasize
how much low self-esteem and negative beliefs about oneself play
a big role in learning disabilities, whatsoever. This is why I
always teach EFT – Emotional Freedom Techniques - to the
child and one of his parents to help him build a positive self
esteem which will enable him/her to reinvest learning and truly
tap into his/her potential.
I have yet to meet a happy and confident “dyslexic” child. As a
colleague of mine, David Guignard, states in his book: “In 35 years
of practice, I have never seen a severe dyslexia which wasn’t linked
to important emotional disturbance, that is to a personal history marked
by one or many traumas.”
- Pedagogy: Some reading methods are more appropriate
than others. That is not to say that some kids will learn whatever
the method, but for others it will be crucial.
Another bad habit we are getting into is wanting to teach children to read
far too soon! A child’s brain development and eye development are rarely
mature enough before 7 years old. Before learning to read and write, children
have many other experiences of their surrounding world to make.
What are typical symptoms?
The most common reading difficulties are:
- Phonological (the ability to isolate syllables and /or sounds
in spoken language)
- Auditive confusions of close sounds ([d]/[t], [k]/[g]…)
and/or visual confusions (b/d, p/q…)
- Inversions (pro=por)
- Missing letters or sounds (trick=tick)
- Understanding what’s been read
- Remembering what has been read
- Time and space
- Attention and working memory
- Letters and/or words moving on the page
- Slow and difficult reading
The most common spelling difficulties are:
- Phonetic: they alter the final word either by skipping a letter
or sound, crossing over letters, adding letters, confusing letters
or syllables
- Confusing letters which look alike (p/b, m/n, ou/on, )
- Not distinguishing words from one another: an elephant = anelephant
- Confusing homphones : read/red
Dyslexic children often experience difficulties in grammatical analysis,
complex sentences and structuring texts.
The thing is that all children make these kind of mistakes whilst they
are in the early learning stages. It is the persistence and the quantity
of these mistakes that will lead to a diagnosis.
So what do we do next?
I do not have “the” answer. I can only share my experience
and my observations. I strongly believe in “mens sana
in corpore sano” which means, a healthy mind in a healthy body.
Based on this I have taken some options.
First
I ask myself if the child’s physiology could be optimised. Therefore
I question the parents about the child’s diet and his digestion,
allergies. These informations will help me in having an opinion
on how healthy his gut is which will give us clues on how well he assimilates
nutrients which are indispensable for a healthy brain, thus memory,
attention and general learning skills..
Before being able to actually learn we need to be receptive to learning.
This receptiveness is not only emotional or intellectual, it is
also physiological. If a child’s brain is daily inundated with chemicals, it’s
subtle neurochemistry will be profoundly disturbed. We mustn’t
forget that we are wholistic beings.
Second
I will help the child look at his limiting beliefs (I can’t
do this, I’m stupid, I’ll never learn, this text is too long
for me, etc.) and teach him EFT to release them. EFT is also
known to be able to get rid of typical symptoms such as: letters floating
around, blurred spots on a page, outlines around letters, not being able
to read small characters, etc.
Third
We will look at the actual remaining learning challenges and that
is when my language therapist’s tool box comes in. Evaluating
his actual language, reading and spelling skills. Then we will decide
which areas he needs help with and how to take him from where he is to
bring him all the way to where he should be.
What are the consequences of dyslexia?
The child needs more time to understand, learn, memorize, read and write.
The “dyslexic” child makes more effort to read and write so
he gets tired more quickly. When he gets tired he makes more mistakes gets
frustrated and feels stupid. It is a vicious cycle.
When do we decide to consult a specialist?
To wait or not to wait, that is the question…
It is easier to intervene early on. Having said that it is also possible
to help an older child or adult. The main difference being that the older
child or adult will often have come to strong conclusions about his abilities
and limitations, which will need some EFT “clearing” first!
In conclusion
We have not finished talking about dyslexia. We do not
know everything about it yet and each therapist has his own way of looking
at it. Some will be more in tune with the emotional aspects, others with
the instrumental aspects, etc. Do not forget that therapists are just human
beings, like you!
One thing that I’m quite sure about is that we are diagnosing more
and more “dyslexic” children and that we cannot afford to dismiss
environmental factors such as food, food additives, personal care products,
pollution, medication, heavy metals, etc. anymore. There is a serious emergency.
We somehow prefer to ignore that what we put in our mouth and on our skin actually
gets into our bodies, into our blood stream and ends up in the brain leading
to chemical chaos!
One final tip
Please stop saying your child is dyslexic. This is not who he
is. He is temporarily experimenting dyslexic symptoms. Stop
talking to people about it, focus on the solution, not the problem. You
do not want your child to identify with a diagnosis because that will
considerably narrow his possibility of growing out of it.
At the Free Child I teach you to act on as many levels
as possible, to free your child from food toxins, chemicals, limiting beliefs,
fears and low self-esteem. I personally believe that we have unlimited
potentials, but sometimes we don’t know how to unlock it because
we think we’ve lost the key!
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